HALAL–DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION MODEL IN HALAL TOURISM ECOSYSTEM: A COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT-BASED FRAMEWORK

Abstract

The development of halal tourism requires effective integration between halal assurance practices, digital transformation, and community participation. However, existing studies have largely focused on halal certification, tourism marketing, or technology adoption separately, while limited attention has been given to how digital practices and community governance interact within halal tourism supply chain ecosystems. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which halal supply chain practices, digital capabilities, and community-based governance are integrated in supporting sustainable halal tourism development. This study employed a qualitative multiple-case study design involving selected halal tourism ecosystems in Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders, including tourism operators, local businesses, community organizations, and supporting institutions. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns related to halal supply chain coordination, digital integration, and community empowerment. The findings indicate that halal–digital supply chain integration is shaped by three interconnected dimensions: digital capability, halal supply chain coordination, and community-based governance. Digital practices support information sharing, documentation, and traceability processes; however, their effectiveness depends on stakeholder readiness, collaborative arrangements, and community capacity. The study further demonstrates that community empowerment functions as a governance mechanism that connects technological practices with local tourism operations. Based on these findings, the study proposes a community-based halal–digital supply chain integration framework that emphasizes the interaction between technology, supply chain coordination, and local participation. This study contributes to halal tourism and supply chain literature by extending technology-centered perspectives toward a socio-technical understanding of digital transformation. The findings provide practical implications for tourism stakeholders and policymakers in designing context-sensitive digital strategies that strengthen halal assurance and community involvement.